Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution on Ethiopian Agriculture: A Review on the Safety and Quality of Vegetable Crops

Lack of nutritive and consumption polluted food sources are the main health implications in African countries. Vegetable production is an optional balanced source easily grown urban rural areas. However, levels contaminant heavy metals cultivated vegetables have not yet been identified. This review scrutinizes contamination route, sources, effects, environmental problems, safety complications, remedial activities vegetable Ethiopian agriculture. Informal settlement, rapid rate urbanization, lack community-based industrial expansion lead to massive increases toxic ecosystems. They supplied with diets unrestrictedly, mainly for consumption. Among assessed metals, Zn (112.7 mg/kg), Cr (47.7 Pb (17.76 Cd (0.25 mg/kg) existed vegetables, highest concentrations Ethiopia. negative effects on public safety, security, nutrient horticultural crops. Hence, Ethiopia has no permissible standards hazard analysis, critical control point, or system. Additionally, physical, biological, natural strategies such as phytoremediation, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, bioremediation, phytovolatilization applied curtail deadly substance contents Despite this, some mitigation strategies, waste treatment activities, underway Ethiopia’s universities beer sugar factories. found that use integrated could help improve efficiency a sustainable manner, solid metal management Ethiopia, should begin local solutions.